1) What value will the variable X have after executing the program fragment? Option A: = 2 Option B: = 3 X:= A + 2

Пояснение:
1) The program fragment states: "X := A + 2 * B". In this case, we need to substitute the values of A and B into the equation to find the value of X. Since the values of A and B are not provided, we cannot determine the exact value of X. Therefore, the answer cannot be determined based on the given information.

2) The question asks about the characteristics of a fully specified variable in programming. A fully specified variable requires both a type and a name. The value of the variable is not necessary for it to be considered fully specified. Therefore, the correct answer is "Type, name, value".

3) The program described in the algorithmic language performs a series of calculations using given variables A, B, and X. It starts by initializing the variable X with the value of A plus B. Then it subtracts 2 times the value of A from X. Finally, it determines the type of algorithm used. Based on the given information, the algorithm described is branching, as it includes conditional statements that determine the execution path based on certain conditions.

4) The program described in the algorithmic language initializes variables A, B, and X with values 1. It then enters a loop, which continues as long as X is greater than 5. In each iteration of the loop, X is incremented by A plus B. Once X becomes less than or equal to 5, the loop ends. Based on the given information, the algorithm described is cyclic, as it includes a loop that repeats until a certain condition is met.

Демонстрация:
1) Option B: X = A + 2 * B
A = 3, B = 2
X = 3 + 2 * 2 = 7
The value of X after executing the program fragment is 7.

Совет: To understand the given program fragments and algorithmic descriptions, it is important to familiarize yourself with different programming concepts and syntax. It would be helpful to study variables, data types, mathematical operations, and control structures such as loops and conditional statements.

Проверочное упражнение: Determine the value of X for the following program fragment:
X := A - B * 2
A = 5, B = 3
Option A: 1
Option B: 9
Option C: -1
Option D: 12