1. What factors does the traction resistance of soil-tilling machines depend on? 2. What factors determine the maximum

Factors influencing soil-tilling machine traction resistance:

Traction resistance refers to the force required to pull a soil-tilling machine through the soil. It depends on several factors, including:

1. Soil type: Different soil types have varying levels of cohesiveness and compaction, which directly affect the traction resistance. For example, sandy soils generally offer less resistance, while clayey soils offer more resistance.

2. Soil moisture content: Moisture content affects the soil"s cohesive and adhesive properties, which in turn influences traction resistance. Generally, wet soils offer more resistance than dry soils.

3. Tool design: The design of the tilling tools, such as their shape, size, and arrangement, can affect the traction resistance. Tools with larger surface areas and deeper penetration tend to increase resistance.

4. Depth of tillage: The depth to which the soil is tilled also affects the traction resistance. Deeper tillage requires more force to break through the compacted layers, leading to higher resistance.

Factors determining maximum working speed of an aggregate:

The maximum working speed of an aggregate, which refers to the speed at which it can effectively perform its intended tasks, is determined by the following factors:

1. Machine design and condition: The design and overall condition of the aggregate, including its structural integrity, weight distribution, and stability, influence the maximum working speed. Well-maintained and properly designed machines can operate at higher speeds.

2. Terrain and soil conditions: The type of terrain and soil conditions on which the aggregate operates impact its maximum working speed. Rough and uneven terrains or soil with high resistance can limit the speed.

3. Power source: The power capacity and efficiency of the aggregate"s engine or motor affect its maximum working speed. Higher power allows for faster operation.

4. Safety considerations: Maximum working speed may also be influenced by safety considerations, such as the operator"s skill level, visibility, and the need to ensure safe operation of the aggregate and avoid accidents.

Coefficient of tractor traction force utilization:

The coefficient of tractor traction force utilization indicates the efficiency with which a tractor utilizes its available traction force to perform work. It is calculated by dividing the actual force used for work by the maximum traction force that the tractor can generate. The coefficient of utilization is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1.

A coefficient of 1 indicates that the tractor is utilizing its maximum traction force effectively, while a value less than 1 indicates underutilization. Factors that can influence this coefficient include the condition of the tractor, terrain conditions, and the weight of the load being pulled.

Units of measurement for machine-tractor unit productivity:

The productivity of a machine-tractor unit, which represents the amount of work completed per unit of time, is typically measured in the following units:

1. Hectares per hour (ha/h): This unit measures the area of land that can be tilled or cultivated by the machine-tractor unit in one hour.

2. Acres per hour: Similar to hectares per hour, this unit measures the area of land that can be tilled or cultivated by the machine-tractor unit in one hour, but in the imperial system.

3. Cubic meters per hour (m³/h): This unit is used to measure the volume of material, such as soil or crops, that can be transported or harvested by the machine-tractor unit in one hour.

4. Tons per hour (t/h): This unit measures the weight of material, such as harvested crops or transported goods, that can be handled by the machine-tractor unit in one hour.

It"s important to note that the specific unit of measurement may vary depending on the type of machine and the task being performed.