1) What is the definition of constitutional convention ? 2) What does it mean to run a country ? 3) Please define

Конституционная конвенция:
Пояснение: Конституционная конвенция - это неофициальные правила, традиции и практики, которые формируют основу работы конституционных органов в стране. Они не записаны, но признаются и соблюдаются всеми участниками конституционного процесса. Конституционные конвенции развиваются со временем и могут быть изменены или дополнены, их соблюдение основывается на доверии и согласии участников политического процесса.

Дополнительный материал: Например, в Великобритании не существует писаной конституции, но вместо этого существуют конституционные конвенции, которые регулируют работу правительства, парламента и других органов власти.

Совет: Для лучшего понимания конституционной конвенции рекомендуется изучать исторические прецеденты и роль, которую они играют в политической системе страны. При изучении конституционной конвенции также полезно обратиться к экспертным источникам и академическим работам по данной теме.

Ещё задача: Какие основные принципы лежат в основе конституционной конвенции?

Constitutional Convention:
Constitutional convention refers to an informal and unwritten set of rules, practices, and customs that govern the operation of a country"s political system. It is a crucial part of the constitutional framework and helps define how power is exercised and how the government operates. Constitutional conventions are not legally binding but are considered binding in political and practical terms. They are often based on long-standing traditions, historical understandings, and common expectations. Examples of constitutional conventions include the monarch"s role in the government, appointment of the Prime Minister, and the formation of the Cabinet. These conventions ensure the smooth functioning of the political system and provide guidelines for the exercise of power.

Дополнительный материал:
Explain the importance and role of constitutional conventions in the governance of a country.

Совет:
To understand constitutional conventions, it is essential to study the historical context and the development of a country"s political system. Analyzing case studies and examining real-world examples will provide a better understanding of how constitutional conventions shape governance.

Statutory Law:
Statutory law refers to laws that are enacted by legislative bodies. These laws are formally written, approved, and codified by the government. Unlike common law, statutory laws are specifically created to regulate society and address legal issues. They are often comprehensive and cover a wide range of matters, such as criminal offenses, contract law, and property rights. Statutory laws are essential in maintaining order, protecting rights, and establishing a legal framework within a country.

Дополнительный материал:
Provide an example of a statutory law that governs contracts.

Совет:
To comprehend statutory law, it is beneficial to study the legislative process and the roles of different branches of government. Reading and analyzing specific statutes and their interpretations by courts will help in understanding the application of statutory law.

Common Law:
Common law refers to a legal system based on judicial decisions and precedent rather than statutory laws. It is derived from the decisions made by judges in previous cases and acts as a guide for future judgments. Common law develops over time through the principles established by courts. It is primarily used in countries following the English legal system, such as the United Kingdom and the United States, although it has influenced legal systems worldwide. Common law provides flexibility and adaptability to changing social circumstances, as judges have the power to interpret and apply the law based on the facts of each individual case.

Дополнительный материал:
Explain the concept of "stare decisis" in the context of common law.

Совет:
To grasp the concept of common law, it is crucial to study landmark cases and understand the reasoning behind court decisions. Analyzing legal principles and precedents set by courts will aid in comprehending the nature and application of common law.

Universal Suffrage:
Universal suffrage refers to the principle that every adult citizen has the right to vote in political elections, regardless of their gender, race, or social status. It ensures that all eligible citizens can participate in choosing their representatives and shaping the government. Universal suffrage is a fundamental democratic principle that promotes equality, inclusivity, and political participation. It has been a significant milestone in the history of democracy, allowing marginalized groups to have a voice in decision-making processes.

Дополнительный материал:
Discuss the significance of universal suffrage in achieving democratic ideals.

Совет:
To understand universal suffrage, it is important to study the historical struggles for voting rights and the fight for equal representation. Examining case studies and analyzing the impact of voting rights on society will provide a comprehensive understanding of universal suffrage.

The Royal Proclamation:
The Royal Proclamation refers to an official announcement made by the ruling monarch, typically in a constitutional monarchy or a country with a monarch as the ceremonial head of state. It is a formal declaration of intent that often has legal implications. The Royal Proclamation covers various matters, such as the establishment of laws, the inauguration of significant events, the recognition of territories, or the implementation of policies. The Royal Proclamation holds symbolic and legal significance, as it represents the authority and power of the monarch.

Дополнительный материал:
Explain the historical significance of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in Canada.

Совет:
To comprehend the concept of the Royal Proclamation, it is important to examine the constitutional role and prerogatives of the monarch. Studying the historical context and analyzing the impact of specific proclamations will provide a deeper understanding of their significance within the political and legal framework.