1. Has David informed his parents that he has passed the exam? 2. Is he feeling joyous about his exam results?

Present perfect tense in English:

Описание: The present perfect tense is used to talk about actions or situations that happened in the past and have a connection to the present. It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "have" or "has" followed by the past participle of the main verb. The present perfect is often used to talk about experiences, states that started in the past and continue in the present, repeated actions, and recent actions.

1. Has David informed his parents that he has passed the exam?
- In this sentence, we are asking whether David has told his parents about his exam result. The use of the present perfect "has passed" indicates that the action of passing the exam has happened in the past but still has relevance to the present.

2. Is he feeling joyous about his exam results?
- In this sentence, we are asking if he is currently experiencing joy or happiness due to his exam results. The use of the present perfect "exam results" suggests that the results have been recently received and may still have an impact on his current emotions.

3. I have been waiting here for an hour, but Jim hasn"t arrived yet.
- In this sentence, we are expressing an action that started in the past (waiting for an hour) and is still continuing (Jim hasn"t arrived yet). The use of the present perfect continuous "have been waiting" emphasizes the duration of the action.

4. Have you had the chance to meet Ella?
- In this sentence, we are asking if the person has had the opportunity to meet Ella at any point in the past. The present perfect "have had" suggests that the chance to meet Ella is recent or still has relevance.

5. Have they been friends since their childhood?
- In this sentence, we are asking if they have maintained their friendship from childhood until now. The present perfect "have been friends" indicates a state or condition that started in the past and continues until the present.

6. Are you declining the invitation because you have already watched that film?
- In this sentence, we are asking if the person is rejecting the invitation because they have already seen the film in the past. The use of the present perfect "have already watched" suggests that the action of watching the film has happened in the past but is still relevant to the present decision.

7. I have been acquainted with Vic. She was unknown to me previously.
- In this sentence, we are expressing an action that started in the past (being acquainted with Vic) and has a connection to the present (she was unknown to me previously). The use of the present perfect passive "have been acquainted" emphasizes the process of getting to know Vic.

Задача для проверки: Transform the following sentences into the present perfect tense:
1. I ate dinner at a restaurant. (Я поужинал в ресторане.)
2. She studied English for five years. (Она училась английскому пять лет.)
3. We visited the Eiffel Tower last summer. (Мы посетили Эйфелеву башню прошлым летом.)
4. He wrote a book about his travels. (Он написал книгу о своих путешествиях.)
5. They played football yesterday. (Они играли в футбол вчера.)